mp_guesspk.sas

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/**
  @file
  @brief Guess the primary key of a table
  @details Tries to guess the primary key of a table based on the following
  logic:
 
      * Columns with nulls are ignored
      * Return only column combinations that provide unique results
      * Start from one column, then move out to composite keys of 2 to 6 columns
 
  The library of the target should be assigned before using this macro.
 
  Usage:
 
      filename mc url
        "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sasjs/core/main/all.sas";
      %inc mc;
      %mp_guesspk(sashelp.class,outds=classpks)
 
  @param [in] baseds The dataset to analyse
  @param [out] outds= (mp_guesspk) Output dataset to contain the possible PKs
  @param [in] max_guesses= (3) The total number of possible primary keys to
    generate. A table may have multiple (unlikely) PKs, so no need to list them
    all.
  @param [in] min_rows= (5) The minimum number of rows a table should have in
    order to try and guess the PK.
  @param [in] ignore_cols (0) Space seperated list of columns which you are
    sure are not part of the primary key (helps to avoid false positives)
  @param [in] mdebug= Set to 1 to enable DEBUG messages and preserve outputs
 
  <h4> SAS Macros </h4>
  @li mf_getvarlist.sas
  @li mf_getuniquename.sas
  @li mf_wordsInstr1butnotstr2.sas
  @li mf_nobs.sas
 
  <h4> Related Macros </h4>
  @li mp_getpk.sas
 
  @version 9.3
  @author Allan Bowe
 
**/
 
%macro mp_guesspk(baseds
  ,outds=mp_guesspk
  ,max_guesses=3
  ,min_rows=5
  ,ignore_cols=0
  ,mdebug=0
)/*/STORE SOURCE*/;
%local dbg;
%if &mdebug=1 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname entry vars:;
  %put _local_;
%end;
%else %let dbg=*;
 
/* declare local vars */
%local var vars vcnt i j k l tmpvar tmpds rows posspks ppkcnt;
%let vars=%upcase(%mf_getvarlist(&baseds));
%let vars=%mf_wordsInStr1ButNotStr2(str1=&vars,str2=%upcase(&ignore_cols));
%let vcnt=%sysfunc(countw(&vars));
 
%if &vcnt=0 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: &baseds has no variables!  Exiting.;
  %return;
%end;
 
/* get null count and row count */
%let tmpvar=%mf_getuniquename();
proc sql noprint;
create table _data_ as select
  count(*) as &tmpvar
%do i=1 %to &vcnt;
  %let var=%scan(&vars,&i);
  ,sum(case when &var is missing then 1 else 0 end) as &var
%end;
  from &baseds;
 
/* transpose table and scan for not null cols */
proc transpose;
data _null_;
  set &syslast end=last;
  length vars $32767;
  retain vars ;
  if _name_="&tmpvar" then call symputx('rows',col1,'l');
  else if col1=0 then vars=catx(' ',vars,_name_);
  if last then call symputx('posspks',vars,'l');
run;
 
%let ppkcnt=%sysfunc(countw(&posspks));
%if &ppkcnt=0 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: &baseds has no non-missing variables!  Exiting.;
  %return;
%end;
 
proc sort data=&baseds(keep=&posspks) out=_data_ noduprec;
  by _all_;
run;
%local pkds; %let pkds=&syslast;
 
%if &rows > %mf_nobs(&pkds) %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: &baseds has no combination of unique records! Exiting.;
  %return;
%end;
 
/* now check cardinality */
proc sql noprint;
create table _data_ as select
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let var=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  count(distinct &var) as &var
  %if &i<&ppkcnt %then ,;
%end;
  from &pkds;
 
/* transpose and sort by cardinality */
proc transpose;
proc sort; by descending col1;
run;
 
/* create initial PK list and re-order posspks list */
data &outds(keep=pkguesses);
  length pkguesses $5000 vars $5000;
  set &syslast end=last;
  retain vars ;
  vars=catx(' ',vars,_name_);
  if col1=&rows then do;
    pkguesses=_name_;
    output;
  end;
  if last then call symputx('posspks',vars,'l');
run;
 
%if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: %mf_nobs(&outds) possible primary key values found;
  %return;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=1 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %return;
%end;
 
/* begin scanning for uniques on pairs of PKs */
%let tmpds=%mf_getuniquename();
%local lev1 lev2;
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let lev1=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  %do j=2 %to &ppkcnt;
    %let lev2=%scan(&posspks,&j);
    %if &lev1 ne &lev2 %then %do;
      /* check for two level uniqueness */
      proc sort data=&pkds(keep=&lev1 &lev2) out=&tmpds noduprec;
        by _all_;
      run;
      %if %mf_nobs(&tmpds)=&rows %then %do;
        proc sql;
        insert into &outds values("&lev1 &lev2");
        %if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
          %put &sysmacroname: Max PKs reached at Level 2 for &baseds;
          %goto exit;
        %end;
      %end;
    %end;
  %end;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=2 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %goto exit;
%end;
 
/* begin scanning for uniques on PK triplets */
%local lev3;
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let lev1=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  %do j=2 %to &ppkcnt;
    %let lev2=%scan(&posspks,&j);
    %if &lev1 ne &lev2 %then %do k=3 %to &ppkcnt;
      %let lev3=%scan(&posspks,&k);
      %if &lev1 ne &lev3 and &lev2 ne &lev3 %then %do;
        /* check for three level uniqueness */
        proc sort data=&pkds(keep=&lev1 &lev2 &lev3) out=&tmpds noduprec;
          by _all_;
        run;
        %if %mf_nobs(&tmpds)=&rows %then %do;
          proc sql;
          insert into &outds values("&lev1 &lev2 &lev3");
          %if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
            %put &sysmacroname: Max PKs reached at Level 3 for &baseds;
            %goto exit;
          %end;
        %end;
      %end;
    %end;
  %end;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=3 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %goto exit;
%end;
 
/* scan for uniques on up to 4 PK fields */
%local lev4;
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let lev1=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  %do j=2 %to &ppkcnt;
    %let lev2=%scan(&posspks,&j);
    %if &lev1 ne &lev2 %then %do k=3 %to &ppkcnt;
      %let lev3=%scan(&posspks,&k);
      %if &lev1 ne &lev3 and &lev2 ne &lev3 %then %do l=4 %to &ppkcnt;
        %let lev4=%scan(&posspks,&l);
        %if &lev1 ne &lev4 and &lev2 ne &lev4 and &lev3 ne &lev4 %then %do;
          /* check for four level uniqueness */
          proc sort data=&pkds(keep=&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4)
              out=&tmpds noduprec;
            by _all_;
          run;
          %if %mf_nobs(&tmpds)=&rows %then %do;
            proc sql;
            insert into &outds values("&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4");
            %if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
              %put &sysmacroname: Max PKs reached at Level 4 for &baseds;
              %goto exit;
            %end;
          %end;
        %end;
      %end;
    %end;
  %end;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=4 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %goto exit;
%end;
 
/* scan for uniques on up to 4 PK fields */
%local lev5 m;
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let lev1=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  %do j=2 %to &ppkcnt;
    %let lev2=%scan(&posspks,&j);
    %if &lev1 ne &lev2 %then %do k=3 %to &ppkcnt;
      %let lev3=%scan(&posspks,&k);
      %if &lev1 ne &lev3 and &lev2 ne &lev3 %then %do l=4 %to &ppkcnt;
        %let lev4=%scan(&posspks,&l);
        %if &lev1 ne &lev4 and &lev2 ne &lev4 and &lev3 ne &lev4 %then
        %do m=5 %to &ppkcnt;
          %let lev5=%scan(&posspks,&m);
          %if &lev1 ne &lev5 & &lev2 ne &lev5 & &lev3 ne &lev5 & &lev4 ne &lev5 %then %do;
            /* check for four level uniqueness */
            proc sort data=&pkds(keep=&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4 &lev5)
                out=&tmpds noduprec;
              by _all_;
            run;
            %if %mf_nobs(&tmpds)=&rows %then %do;
              proc sql;
              insert into &outds values("&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4 &lev5");
              %if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
                %put &sysmacroname: Max PKs reached at Level 5 for &baseds;
                %goto exit;
              %end;
            %end;
          %end;
        %end;
      %end;
    %end;
  %end;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=5 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %goto exit;
%end;
 
/* scan for uniques on up to 4 PK fields */
%local lev6 n;
%do i=1 %to &ppkcnt;
  %let lev1=%scan(&posspks,&i);
  %do j=2 %to &ppkcnt;
    %let lev2=%scan(&posspks,&j);
    %if &lev1 ne &lev2 %then %do k=3 %to &ppkcnt;
      %let lev3=%scan(&posspks,&k);
      %if &lev1 ne &lev3 and &lev2 ne &lev3 %then %do l=4 %to &ppkcnt;
        %let lev4=%scan(&posspks,&l);
        %if &lev1 ne &lev4 and &lev2 ne &lev4 and &lev3 ne &lev4 %then
        %do m=5 %to &ppkcnt;
          %let lev5=%scan(&posspks,&m);
          %if &lev1 ne &lev5 & &lev2 ne &lev5 & &lev3 ne &lev5 & &lev4 ne &lev5
          %then %do n=6 %to &ppkcnt;
            %let lev6=%scan(&posspks,&n);
            %if &lev1 ne &lev6 & &lev2 ne &lev6 & &lev3 ne &lev6
            & &lev4 ne &lev6 & &lev5 ne &lev6 %then
            %do;
              /* check for four level uniqueness */
              proc sort data=&pkds(keep=&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4 &lev5 &lev6)
                out=&tmpds noduprec;
                by _all_;
              run;
              %if %mf_nobs(&tmpds)=&rows %then %do;
                proc sql;
                insert into &outds
                  values("&lev1 &lev2 &lev3 &lev4 &lev5 &lev6");
                %if %mf_nobs(&outds) ge &max_guesses %then %do;
                  %put &sysmacroname: Max PKs reached at Level 6 for &baseds;
                  %goto exit;
                %end;
              %end;
            %end;
          %end;
        %end;
      %end;
    %end;
  %end;
%end;
 
%if &ppkcnt=6 %then %do;
  %put &sysmacroname: No more PK guess possible;
  %goto exit;
%end;
 
%exit:
%if &mdebug=0 %then %do;
  proc sql;
  drop table &tmpds;
%end;
 
%mend mp_guesspk;